Exploring the Charms of Daman and Diu

Daman and Diu, a charming union territory nestled in northwestern India, held a unique allure despite its small size, spanning a mere 112 square kilometres.

This serene haven comprised two distinct districts, Daman and Diu island, separated by the tranquil Gulf of Khambat, with Gujarat and the Arabian Sea serving as its neighbouring boundaries. Once under Portuguese rule since the 1500s, these territories became part of India following the Annexation of Goa in 1961.

Initially administered alongside Goa, Daman and Diu emerged as a separate entity after the Goa Opinion Poll in 1987.

However, the tale took a new turn in 2020 when legislation was enacted to merge Daman and Diu with Dadra and Nagar Haveli, forming the unified union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu from January 26, 2020, marking a new chapter in its administrative journey.

In this article, we delve deeper into the enchanting history and unique characteristics of Daman and Diu.

Daman and Diu's Rich History and Recent Developments

The coastal enclaves of Daman (Portuguese: Damão) and Diu have a rich history spanning over 450 years. They were part of Portuguese India alongside Goa, Dadra, and Nagar Haveli.

Their incorporation into the Republic of India on 19 December 1961 through military conquest marked a significant shift. However, Portugal only recognised India's annexation after the Carnation Revolution of 1974. These territories have also seen the rule of Kolis. 

Until 30 May 1987, Goa, Daman, and Diu were administered as a single union territory, but Goa was granted statehood, leaving Daman and Diu as a separate entity with each enclave constituting one of the union territory's two districts, approximately 650 kilometres apart by road. 

In a significant development on November 3, 2019, Daman Collector Rakesh Minhas issued a Section 144 order, prohibiting the peaceful assembly of four or more persons, slogan-shouting, and the use of loudspeakers across the territory.

Additionally, the order mandated the conversion of Government High School, Bhimpore, and Government Sarvottam High School, Moti Daman, into 'temporary jails'.This action stemmed from a land ownership dispute between the local indigenous fishing community and the administration, which led to the annexation and demolition of their homes.

The resulting 2019 Daman Indigenous Land Clearing Protests led to the detention of 70 protesters in the 'temporary jails' and 8 more arrests.  While some of the Adivasi fisherfolk were provided alternative housing, many remained traumatised and homeless, residing near the ruins of their demolished homes. 

In December 2019, the Parliament of India passed legislation to merge Daman and Diu with the neighbouring union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, forming a new union territory known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.

Topography and Biodiversity of Daman and Diu

Daman and Diu's topography is characterised by its island-like features, with a landscape that lacks diverse landforms. The union territory is nourished by several rivers, including the prominent Damanganga River, which divides the Daman district into two sections.

Three main rivers—Bhagwan, Kalem, and Damanganga—flow westward, with Bhagwan marking the northern boundary and Kalem the southern boundary. Daman, situated on the Indian west coast, is surrounded by distinctive topographical elements: Valsad district to the east, the Bhagwan River to the north, the Arabian Sea to the west, and the Kalem River to the south.

Diu, the other district of the union territory, is a small island situated near Gujarat's Veraval Port. Its coastal stretch spans 21 kilometres, with an average elevation of 6 meters above sea level and a maximum altitude of around 30 meters.

The district's terrain is predominantly flat, bordered by Junagadh and Amreli districts to the north and the Arabian Sea to the remaining sides.

Daman and Diu's biodiversity is rich and varied, boasting mangrove forests, coconut palms, Hokka Trees and casuarina trees. A plethora of plant species, including hibiscus, bougainvillea, and frangipani, contribute to the region's lush flora.

The fauna is equally diverse, hosting a range of birds, reptiles, and mammals such as the Indian grey hornbill, fishing cat, and spotted deer. The marine life is abundant, featuring dolphins, whales, and sea turtles.

In recent years, conservation initiatives have been implemented to safeguard the region's biodiversity, including the establishment of wildlife sanctuaries and stringent regulations on hunting and fishing. These efforts aim to preserve the ecological balance and ensure the sustainability of Daman and Diu's natural resources.

Demographic Overview

Daman and Diu, according to the 2011 census, boasted a commendable literacy rate of 87.1%, surpassing the national average of 74.04%. Breaking it down, male literacy stood at 91.5%, while female literacy was slightly lower at 79.5%.

However, the female-to-male ratio in the territory was the lowest in India, with 618 females per thousand males. The sex ratio in the Daman district, specifically, was notably low, standing at 533 females to 1000 males.

Religiously, Hinduism is predominant in Daman and Diu, followed by Muslims and indigenous Christians. The Catholic community in the territory is pastorally served by the Metropolitan Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman. Gujarati serves as the primary language, reflecting the Gujarati-speaking Damaniya sub-caste.

Hindi and English are also widely used. Though once the official language during colonial rule, Portuguese usage has dwindled over time, mainly confined to home and liturgical contexts among the Catholic population. While Standard Portuguese persists in a post-creole continuum, about 10,000–12,000 people in Daman still speak Daman and Diu Portuguese.

In schools, the three-language formula prevails, with Gujarati as the first language, Hindi as the second, and English as the third. This linguistic diversity reflects the historical blend of Daman and Diu with Goa, which was Konkani-speaking until it gained statehood in 1987.

Administration and Districts

The administration of Daman and Diu, as per the Constitution of India, was overseen by an Administrator appointed by the President of India, acting as an agent rather than a head of state/government or a governor. This Administrator received assistance from various officers to carry out administrative duties effectively.

The union territory comprised two districts: Diu District, spanning an area of 40 square kilometres, with its primary settlement being the town of Diu, and Daman District, covering an area of 72 square kilometres, with its main settlement being the city of Daman.

Daman and Diu’s Tourism Treasures

Daman and Diu, nestled along the western coast of India, offer a plethora of enchanting tourist attractions waiting to be explored. Moti Daman Fort and Nani Daman Fort stand as magnificent remnants of Portuguese colonial rule, offering visitors a glimpse into the region's rich history.

For a serene retreat, Devka Beach beckons with its golden sands and tranquil atmosphere, perfect for a leisurely stroll or sunbathing session. In Diu, Naida Caves provide a surreal experience amidst naturally formed rock formations, while Nagoa Beach offers a picturesque setting for water sports and relaxation.

Immerse yourself in the cultural heritage of the region at the captivating Diu Museum, ensuring a memorable journey through these charming coastal destinations.

In conclusion, Daman and Diu stand as a testament to India's rich tapestry of history, culture, and natural beauty. From the remnants of Portuguese colonial rule to the serene beaches and lush landscapes, this charming union territory offers a unique and enchanting experience to all who visit.

As we bid farewell to our exploration of Daman and Diu, let us carry with us the memories of its intriguing past, its breathtaking scenery, and its warm and vibrant culture.

Whether it's the echoes of history within its forts, the tranquillity of its beaches, or the diversity of its flora and fauna, Daman and Diu leave an indelible mark on the hearts of travellers, beckoning them to return and unravel more of its wonders in the future.