Kerala
Fascinating Beauty and Distinctive Culture
Kerala, also known as Keralam, is a state in India situated on the Malabar Coast. It was formed in 1956 by merging Malayalam-speaking regions. With a population of about 33 million, Kerala boasts the highest literacy rate, life expectancy, and sex ratio in India. The state's capital is Thiruvananthapuram.
Its economy thrives on sectors like services and agriculture, with significant contributions from remittances. Kerala's natural beauty and cultural richness make it a popular tourist destination. In this article, we delve deeper into the enchanting realm of Kerala.
The name "Kerala" traces back to ancient times, first appearing as "Keralaputo" in a 3rd-century BCE inscription by Emperor Ashoka, referring to the son of the Chera dynasty rulers. "Chera" comes from a word meaning 'lake,' while "Kerala" might signify 'land of the Cheras' or 'declivity of a hill.'
Additionally, it's believed to come from "kera," meaning 'coconut tree,' and "alam," meaning 'land.' In trade circles, Kerala was known as "Malabar," possibly originating from the Malayalam word for 'hill' or a blend of Malayalam and Persian/Arabic words. These origins reflect Kerala's diverse cultural and historical heritage.
History
The history of Kerala is rich and diverse. According to ancient texts like the Purananuru, Kerala's lands were conquered by kings like Senkuttuvan and Parasurama, who are said to have reclaimed land from the sea.
Kerala was known for its spices, attracting traders worldwide, including Arabs, Phoenicians, and Europeans like the Portuguese and Dutch.
The region saw the rise of powerful kingdoms like the Cheras and later the Zamorins of Kozhikode. Eventually, British influence grew, leading to the establishment of British rule in the 18th century.
The state witnessed significant revolts during the independence movement, including the 1921 Malabar Rebellion. Today, Kerala is known for its cultural diversity, lush landscapes, and vibrant history.
Kerala, a state in southern India, is situated between the Lakshadweep Sea and the Western Ghats. Its geography shapes a diverse landscape, from coastal plains to rugged mountains.
The state's 590 km coastline is adorned with backwaters and estuaries, forming the famous Kerala Backwaters network.
The Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, dominate the eastern border, harbouring rich biodiversity. The region's rivers, including the Periyar and Bharathapuzha, originate here, sustaining the state's lush greenery.
Geography, Climate and Biodiversity
Kerala's climate is tropical, with heavy rainfall during the monsoon seasons from June to December. The Western Ghats intercept the southwest monsoon, making Kerala the first recipient of the rains in India.
The state's flora and fauna thrive in its diverse ecosystems, with over 25% of India's plant species found here. Its diverse flora includes teak, sonokeling, anjili, mullumurikku, bamboo, wild black pepper, wild cardamom, calamus rattan palm, and aromatic vetiver grass.
Endangered species like the Indian elephant and Bengal tiger call Kerala's forests home, alongside vibrant birdlife including the Malabar trogon and great hornbill. In the lakes and waterways, species like the orange chromide and Red Line Torpedo Barb are found.
Despite natural hazards like floods and landslides, Kerala's unique geography sustains its rich biodiversity and cultural heritage.
Kerala is divided into six regions with 14 districts, each with its own local government institutions. Governance follows a parliamentary system, with a Legislative Assembly of 140 members. The state elects 20 members to the Lok Sabha and 9 to the Rajya Sabha.
Kerala has a well-established 3-tier local government system, with decentralisation initiatives dating back to 1993. Kerala is known for its efficient governance and low corruption rates, earning recognition as the best-governed state in India.
Political alliances like the United Democratic Front (UDF) and the Left Democratic Front (LDF) play significant roles in Kerala's politics. Currently, Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan holds power in the state.
Since independence, Kerala has embraced a social democratic welfare economy. However, from the 1990s onwards, economic liberalisation led to significant growth, with the state experiencing high GSDP growth rates.
Notably, the service sector, including tourism, IT, and healthcare, has significantly contributed to Kerala's economy, comprising around 63% of its revenue. Additionally, industries such as shipbuilding, oil refining, and food processing have flourished.
Agriculture remains significant, with Kerala being a major producer of crops like coconut, tea, coffee, and spices. Emigration plays a crucial role, with remittances from Keralites working abroad contributing substantially to the state's income.
Despite these achievements, challenges persist, including unemployment and environmental concerns. Traditional industries like coir, handlooms, and handicrafts continue to employ a large workforce.
Moreover, with its extensive coastline and inland water resources, the fisheries sector significantly contributes to the state's economy, providing livelihoods for millions of people.
Kerala features a robust transportation network connecting major towns and cities with over 331,904 kilometres of roads. National Highway 66 links the west coast, while state highways traverse the east.
The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) operates extensive bus services, and the state's railway network serves key destinations, connecting major towns and cities, with Thiruvananthapuram Central being the busiest station.
Kochi hosts India's sole metro rail system, while the state boasts four international airports, including Cochin International Airport, the world's first fully solar-powered airport.
The state's water transport system comprises major ports, inland waterways, and the innovative Kochi Water Metro, fostering connectivity across Kerala's water bodies.
Kerala, home to 2.8% of India's population, boasts a density of 859 persons per square kilometre, nearly three times the national average. Thiruvananthapuram is its most populous city, while coastal areas are densely settled.
Despite low population growth, Kerala's population doubled from 1951 to 1991, reaching 33.3 million by 2011.
Matrilineal inheritance traditions have empowered women, resulting in higher literacy rates and education. Kerala is progressive on LGBT rights, with policies supporting transgender welfare and awareness campaigns.
With a high Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.770, Kerala excels in social development, boasting India's highest literacy rate of 96%.
Its healthcare system is advanced, ensuring universal healthcare and low infant mortality. Malayalam is the predominant language, with significant religious diversity, including Hindus, Muslims, and Christians coexisting harmoniously.
Education in Kerala has a rich history, with the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics flourishing between the 14th and 16th centuries, independently developing important mathematical concepts. Modern education transformation began in the early 19th century, achieving complete literacy in 1991.
The state offers a 10-year course divided into lower primary, upper primary, and secondary stages, with high enrolment rates and diverse streams for higher secondary schooling.
Kerala boasts a well-established network of schools affiliated with various boards, including notable institutions like CMS College, Kottayam. Embracing ICT-enabled education, Kerala's achievements in education have been recognised nationally and internationally, consistently ranking high in educational indices.
Kerala's media landscape is vibrant, with numerous newspapers published in Malayalam and English, boasting the highest media exposure in India. DD Malayalam serves as the state-owned television broadcaster, complemented by a diverse range of private channels.
With a high internet penetration rate, digital and social media platforms are significant sources of information and entertainment. Kerala's rich tradition of literature and cultural activities further enrich its media environment.
Kerala's sports scene boasts a rich heritage, featuring the traditional martial art Kalaripayattu alongside a fervent passion for cricket and football, with players excelling at national levels.
Notable athletes like P. T. Usha have emerged from the state, which also embraces sports like volleyball, badminton, basketball, and kabaddi. Hosting events like the FIFA U-17 World Cup underscores Kerala's rising prominence in the sports arena.
Combined with its robust education system and vibrant media landscape, Kerala epitomises a dynamic and progressive outlook.
Kerala's culture, a blend of Aryan, Dravidian, Arab, and European influences, is reflected in its diverse festivals, including the grand Thrissur Pooram and the harvest celebration of Onam.
The state's rich artistic heritage encompasses classical dance forms like Kathakali and vibrant folk traditions like Theyyam. Renowned literary figures such as Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan and contemporary writers like M.T. Vasudevan Nair have contributed to its literary legacy.
Cultural Tapestry
In cuisine, Kerala offers a tantalising array of dishes, from the iconic Thalassery biryani and flavorful seafood specialities like karimeen, prawns, shrimp and other crustacean dishes to breakfast staples like idli, dosa, and appam.
Elephants, revered as symbols of strength, are an integral part of Kerala's cultural tapestry, embodying its timeless traditions and vibrant spirit.
Kerala, often called "God's Own Country," has many beautiful places that tourists love to visit. You can enjoy sunny beaches like Kovalam and Varkala, or take a peaceful boat ride on the backwaters of Alleppey and Kumarakom.
If you like mountains, Munnar, Wayanad, and Ponmudi have stunning views and tea gardens.
Must-Visit Tourist Destinations in Kerala
Nature lovers can explore Periyar Tiger Reserve and Eravikulam National Park to see animals and plants. In Kerala, you can also visit historical places like Fort Kochi and Padmanabhapuram Palace, or see famous temples like Guruvayur and Sabarimala.
Don't miss out on the beautiful backwater spots like Pathiramanal Island and Nileshwaram, and the exciting Nehru Trophy Boat Race in Alleppey.
Whether you're seeking relaxation, adventure, or cultural immersion, Kerala has something special for everyone to enjoy!
Follow us on Google News