SWACHH BHARAT MISSION, URBAN AND GARMIN
A vision to clean India, Swachh Bharat Mission has been targeted towards acknowledging, educating and performing actions to ensure sanitization. The mission as mentioned on the official website ( swachhbharat.mygov.in ) is focused "to accelerate the efforts to achieve universal sanitation coverage and to put the focus on sanitation" launched on 2nd October 2014, paying homage to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150th death anniversary.
The target of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan or Clean India Mission, a nation-wide campaign or Janandolan across India, a country with a massive amount of rural areas, aimed at eliminating their practice of open defecation from 2014 to 2019 creating a mass scale behaviour change, construction of household-owned and community-owned toilets and establishing mechanisms for monitoring toilet construction and usage.
So, after this, you may say that is a Grameen mission or rural mission, but it has an urban aspect too. But before that let's see what will be the impact of the mission on rural India.
Under this mission, all villages, Gram Panchayats, Districts, States and Union Territories in India declared themselves "open-defecation free" (ODF) by 2 October 2019, the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, by constructing over 100 million toilets in rural India whose impact can be seen in the Swachh Bharat logo And Swachh Bharat song.
Who implemented this? Well, in the rural areas, the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitization implemented the mission to ensure that the open defecation free behaviours are sustained, no one is left behind, and that solid and liquid waste management facilities are accessible.
the Mission is moving towards the next Phase II of SBMG i.e ODF-Plus. ODF Plus activities under Phase II of Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) will reinforce ODF behaviours and focus on providing interventions for the safe management of solid and liquid waste in villages.
While the mission was targeted to clean India by 2019 in the 5 years of its launch date in 2014, the major focus was to make the vision of the father of the nation Mahatma Gandhi of a swachhta led healthy and prosperous life come true.
As we have already talked about the Grameen or rural side of things, here is Swachh Bharat Urban which is focused on the sanitization in the urban areas.
The Ministry of Urban Development managed, Swachh Bharat Urban list has the following key areas where the efforts will be deployed:
Elimination of open defecation, conversion of unsanitary toilets to pour flush toilets, eradication of manual scavenging, municipal solid waste management and bringing about a behavioural change in people regarding healthy sanitation practices.
Covering a massive number of 1.04 crore households, provide 2.5 lakh community toilets, 2.6 lakh public toilets, and a solid waste management facility in each town. They also aim to cover the residential areas where it is difficult to construct individual household toilets by building community toilets.
Public toilets will also be constructed in designated locations such as tourist places, markets, bus stations, railway stations, etc.
The total assistance available for construction of an individual toilet is Rs 4000/- from the Central Government and Rs 1333/- at least from the State Government.
In the North East States, the states are required to contribute only Rs 400/- per individual toilet. However, there is no bar on releasing any extra funds at any stage by the ULB/State Government through additional resources.
There cannot be enough emphasis on the importance of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan as it aims to make India an open defecation free country in five years, seeks to improve the levels of cleanliness in rural areas through SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT activities and making Gram Panchayats Open Defecation Free (ODF), clean and sanitised.
The amount invested under the mission is one lakh thirty-four thousand crore rupees will be spent for construction of about 11 crores 11 lakh toilets in the country.
The role of technology is also very emphasised in this mission as it aids to the process on a large scale to convert waste into wealth in rural India in the forms of bio-fertilizer and different forms of energy.
The mission is to be executed on a war footing with the involvement of every gram panchayat, panchayat Samiti and Zila Parishad in the country, besides roping in large sections of the rural population and school teachers and students in this endeavour.
Incentive, as provided under the Mission for the construction of Individual Household Latrines (IHHL), shall be available for all Below Poverty Line (BPL) Households and Above Poverty Line (APL) households restricted to SCs/STs, small and marginal farmers, landless labourers with homestead, physically handicapped and women-headed households.
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